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A week before George 鈥淲alter鈥� Taylor, a firefighter in Maryland, was diagnosed with metastatic neuroendocrine cancer, he attended a conference in Indianapolis that discussed the dangers of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, a cancer-linked chemical that is commonly included in firefighter foam and protective gear.
鈥淗ow crazy could that be 鈥� that a week later, we would take him to the hospital for what we thought was appendicitis, but ended up being metastatic neuroendocrine cancer,鈥� said Christine Taylor, Walter鈥檚 wife.
Walter, who served as a firefighter for 31 years, died at 46 on Memorial Day 2020. An autopsy revealed that he had cancer related to occupational exposure, said Christine, a nurse, who comes from a family of firefighters.
Her brother is the battalion chief for the Naval District of Washington Fire Department at Naval Air Station Patuxent River in St. Mary鈥檚 County and her father retired from the same fire department.
鈥淚 understood what I was getting into before I got married. [Walter鈥檚] first love was the fire service and I accepted that,鈥� Christine said.
They had planned to renew their vows on their 20th anniversary the day after Walter passed away.
Walter also worked 20 years at Patuxent Naval Air Station鈥檚 fire department including the last two years of his life, post-diagnosis, as a safety officer, Christine said, 鈥渕aking it his mission to make sure everybody understood the inherent dangers鈥� of carcinogens and PFAS.
His friends called him 鈥渃heddar鈥� for his love of cheese, and as 鈥渉e fought like there was no tomorrow鈥� through his cancer, his nickname became 鈥渃heddar raging like a bull,鈥� Christine said.
The family鈥檚 fire-fighting tradition continues, as Christine鈥檚 daughter, Kayla, 21, and her son, Justin, 16, are volunteer firefighters in Southern Maryland. Her youngest daughter, Mackenzie, who just celebrated her tenth birthday, told her mom that she also wants to become a firefighter.
Justin completed his first fire truck run a year after his father passed away.
鈥淗e would have given anything to run that call with his dad,鈥� Christine said. 鈥淚鈥檓 still so angry. I wish we had known sooner what we could have done to prevent it. I wish that all the firemen who have been exposed to it knew sooner and could have done things to prevent it,鈥� she said.
For the second year, Maryland lawmakers are trying to limit firefighters鈥� exposure to PFAS with聽.
The bill would ban fire-fighting foam, food packaging, rugs and carpets that contain PFAS. It also would require anyone who sells personal protective equipment that includes PFAS to provide a written notice to the buyer.
PFAS are found in many household items including nonstick pans, stain-resistant furniture and textiles, but also in firefighting foam and firefighter gear. Because PFAS are resistant to water and grease at high temperatures, many manufacturers have incorporated the chemical into their products.
But exposure to the chemical has been linked to certain cancers, reduced immune system function, developmental delays, decreased fertility and hypertension in pregnant women, according to the聽.
PFAS, a group of more than 9,000 chemicals, are often referred to as 鈥渇orever chemicals鈥� because they don鈥檛 break down in the environment, including in human bodies.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cancer is the leading cause of death for firefighters. And 75% of firefighter deaths are linked to cancer stemming from exposure to a carcinogen at work, according to the International Association of Fire Fighters.
鈥淓ach exposure is a drop in the bucket and sooner or later, the bucket just gets full and there鈥檚 no more room,鈥� said Jeffrey Buddle, president of the Professional Fire Fighters of Maryland union. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 when firefighters start to develop cancer 鈥� it鈥檚 the cumulative effect over very long careers.鈥�
If the bill becomes law, those who violate it could face penalties from $500 to $20,000.
Last year鈥檚 bill stalled in committee without going to a vote.
In 2020, the General Assembly passed a聽聽that prohibits the use of firefighting foam with PFAS for training or testing purposes, but it does not restrict the sale of firefighting foam that contained PFAS.
On Wednesday, opponents of a ban told the Health and Government Operations committee that the definition of PFAS in the George 鈥淲alter鈥� Taylor Act was too broad, and could lead to unintended restriction of materials used in medical equipment and green energy technology like solar.
鈥淧FAS are not all the same 鈥� it鈥檚 not appropriate to group them all together,鈥� Robert Simon, representing the American Chemistry Council, told the House committee.聽He asked them to narrow the definition of PFAS to include only those most relevant to Maryland.
Distributors of carpets, firefighting foam and food packaging are 鈥渋ntermediaries in the supply chain,鈥� not the manufacturer, Maryland Retailers Association president Cailey Locklair told the committee. Those distributors may not know what exactly is in an item they are selling. It would also be a large lift to require companies to test their products for 鈥渉undreds of chemistries鈥� that fall under PFAS, she added.
Del. Sara N. Love (D-Montgomery), lead sponsor of the bill, said that narrowing the definition would allow companies to shift one or two molecules in a PFAS chemical to avoid the regulation. Love also reminded the committee that her bill does not ban PFAS in all uses and pointed out that the definition of PFAS in her bill matches definitions the one in other state bans.
At least thirteen states, including New York, Maine and Vermont, have banned the use of fire-fighting foam that contains PFAS.
Asked if she was open to delaying the start of the bill to allow manufacturers to adapt, Love said she is open to a two-year delay, as other states have done. However, 鈥渁ny increased timeline is going to continue to expose our firefighters鈥o more and more of these toxic chemicals,鈥� she said. And retailers such as Home Depot, Trader Joe鈥檚 and McDonald鈥檚 have already made commitments to phase out PFAS from sales of carpets and food packaging, Love said.
Upper Potomac Riverkeeper Brent Wells said he found 鈥渆xtremely high鈥� levels of PFAS in the upper Potomac River near wastewater plants in Hagerstown, most likely coming from products that people dispose into the sewer system. High levels of PFAS were also found in 75% of community water systems tested in Maryland, according to a聽聽by the Maryland Department of the Environment.
Lawmakers will also consider a聽聽that would ban the use of mosquito sprays that contain PFAS.
But before lawmakers heard testimony on the George 鈥淲alter鈥� Taylor Act Wednesday, Buddle said reducing PFAS exposure means protecting the next generation and saving firefighters like Walter.
Steve Stockwell, a firefighter at Patuxent Naval Air Station and vice president of the National Capital Federal Firefighters, said he frequently rode the ambulance with Walter and had known him since 2005 when he joined the volunteer fire department. He said Walter had a good sense of humor and pulled some elaborate pranks.
Stockwell said he noticed Walter鈥檚 missing presence the most at the Patuxent station gazebo where firefighters gathered during breaks.
鈥淲e鈥檙e used to having personalities of people around you for so long and you don鈥檛 think that鈥檚 ever going to go away, especially in the fire service鈥� Stockwell said. He described Walter as a 鈥渂ig and bombastic鈥� guy who sometimes told embellished stories.
Not having a veteran like Walter around impacts the whole firefighter community, said Scott Burkhardt, a firefighter who works in Montgomery County and is president of the National Capital Professional Firefighters..
鈥淗is loss has been immeasurable to the fire service as a whole,鈥� said Burkhardt. 鈥淲e lost an inspector with 20 plus years experience 鈥� you cannot replicate that overnight.鈥�
