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Companies that provide car insurance to Maryland motorists are prohibited from using a person鈥檚 credit score in deciding whether to write them a policy. But companies may use credit scores in setting a policyholder鈥檚 premium.
The result, critics contend, is that certain car owners face higher premiums than they should.
Two state lawmakers hope this is the year the General Assembly outlaws the use of credit scores in setting car insurance rates. Two nearly identical bills have been introduced to achieve that goal 鈥斅犅燚el. Melissa Wells (D-Baltimore City),聽聽by Del. Jay Jalisi (D-Baltimore County).
Wells said many of her constituents don鈥檛 see a legitimate connection between credit scores and driving history. 鈥淐ar insurances rates being astronomically high is one of the things I hear people talking about most often,鈥� she said. The lawmaker recalled that her premiums nearly doubled when she moved from Washington, D.C., to Maryland.
The insurance industry vigorously defends the use of credit scores and has successfully fought legislation such as Wells鈥� numerous times since 2008. Insurers often point to聽聽by the Federal Trade Commission to buttress their argument.
鈥�(Credit) scores effectively predict the number of claims consumers file and the total cost of those claims,鈥� the commission concluded. 鈥淭heir use is likely to make the price of insurance better match the risk of loss that consumers pose. Thus, on average, as a result of the use of scores, higher-risk consumers pay higher premiums and lower-risk consumers pay lower premiums.鈥�
The same report acknowledged that the use of credit scores adversely impacted certain racial and ethnic groups.
鈥淸A]s a group, African-Americans and Hispanics tend to have lower (credit) scores than non-Hispanic whites and Asians,鈥� researchers wrote. 鈥淭herefore, the use of scores likely leads to African-Americans and Hispanics paying relatively more for automobile insurance than non-Hispanic whites and Asians.鈥�
Nancy Egan, head of Mid-Atlantic government relations for the American Property Casualty Insurance Association, said in an interview that Maryland has a more robust and competitive insurance industry because of the factors companies can consider. There are 140 companies writing policies here, more than double the number in Massachusetts, a larger state with more restrictive regulations.
鈥淢aryland law is great because if you have bad credit when you start the policy, they do need to review your credit every two years, and if your credit improves, then they have to offer you a better rate based on your better credit,鈥� Egan said.
She also pointed to a 2019 Maryland Insurance Administration report聽聽鈥渢he use of credit results in a premium decrease for substantially more policyholders than those that experience a premium increase due to credit.鈥�
Both bills had hearings on Feb. 17. The House Economic Matters Committee pulled Wells鈥� bill from a voting list on Monday to give the panel time to consider two amendments. One provision, from the National Council of Insurance Legislators, would allow consumers to request relief due to a catastrophic event, serious illness, death of a family member, divorce, identity theft, job loss or military deployment.
Credit history is just one of several factors insurers can consider in determining a person鈥檚 premium in Maryland, but it can be a significant one. According to聽, an insurer that uses an applicant鈥檚 credit history may provide a discount or impose a surcharge of up to 40% based on the individual鈥檚 score.
Vermont legislators were聽聽that a ban on the use of credit scores would cost the average motorist $33 more per year.
The insurance commissioner in Washington state adopted a rule last month prohibiting insurers from using credit scoring for three years after COVID-19 financial protections end,聽.
The prohibition followed a 2020聽study by the Consumer Federation of America, which found that good drivers in Washington state with a poor credit rating paid 79% more for mandatory auto insurance than drivers with excellent credit.
鈥淚 just don鈥檛 think it鈥檚 fair to good drivers to punish them if they鈥檝e had some credit difficulty,鈥� said Gov. Jay Inslee (D),聽. The Washington state ban takes effect on Friday.
A proposal similar to Wells鈥� died in committee in 2019 and 2021.
Asked whether she鈥檚 concerned that some motorists might pay more if her legislation were adopted, Wells said the insurance industry is too shadowy to be able to draw firm conclusions. 鈥淚t鈥檚 like a black box,鈥� she said. 鈥淭here鈥檚 not enough (information) outside the black box to understand what鈥檚 actually happening.鈥�
Normally lawmakers with identical bills join forces. Wells said she was unaware that Jalisi,聽聽by the General Assembly in 2019 for mistreating his staff, had introduced comparable legislation.
