Why Taiwan and the South China Sea matter to the US and the world

BEIJING (AP) 鈥� When U.S. Sen. Darline Graham in a debate whether the U.S. has a national security interest in Taiwan and the South China Sea, she drew criticism for saying national security was 鈥渘ot my thing.鈥�

and the have long been major issues in U.S. foreign policy, and tensions involving China have kept both in the news in recent months. Beijing claims Taiwan as its own territory and asserts sovereignty over virtually the entire South China Sea, bringing it into confrontation with U.S. allies and partners in the region.

What happens in Taiwan and the South China Sea could have an impact not only on the region but around the world, given their importance to global trade.

The South China Sea, a large body of water bordered by several nations, including China, the Philippines and Vietnam, is one of the world鈥檚 key maritime trade routes. Taiwan produces the majority of the world鈥檚 advanced semiconductors.

鈥淭he two are very much connected,鈥� said Hunter S. Marston, director of the Southeast Asia Program at the Lowy Institute in Australia. 鈥淚f China were to blockade or seek to forcibly retake Taiwan from the mainland, the South China Sea could quickly see spillover effects.鈥�

Here鈥檚 a look at why Taiwan and the South China Sea are important and how the two are connected strategically:

Taiwan, a key issue in US-China relations

The South Carolina senator Darline Graham is seeking a full Senate term after being appointed to the seat of her late brother, Lindsey Graham, who was known for his foreign policy involvement and made several foreign trips, .

Taiwan is a self-ruled democracy that China claims as its own territory, and Beijing has not renounced the use of force to bring it under its control. After China and Taiwan split amid civil war in 1949, it became a thorny international issue.

China sends military aircraft, coast guard ships and other vessels around Taiwan on a near-daily basis and periodically conducts large-scale military exercises. Taiwan also regularly holds military drills, including its .

The U.S. does not have formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan, but maintains extensive unofficial relations and is required under U.S. law to provide Taiwan with the means to defend itself.

Under that framework, the U.S. has long been Taiwan鈥檚 main informal backer and arms supplier, a relationship that has been a persistent source of tensions with Beijing.

During U.S. President Donald Trump鈥檚 latest visit to Beijing in May, Chinese President Xi Jinping made clear that . Xi warned that mishandling U.S. ties with the island could lead to confrontation between the two countries.

Trump did not publicly address Taiwan during the trip. But on his way back to the United States, he said arms sales to Taiwan were a 鈥渧ery good negotiating chip鈥� with China, comments that .

鈥淚f China were able to take control of Taiwan, or if the United States clarified that it would not come to Taiwan鈥檚 defense in the event of a conflict, China would be able to project its military power (particularly submarine capabilities) far into the South China Sea and beyond the first island chain into the Pacific,鈥� said Marston, from the Lowy Institute.

A conflict over Taiwan would have direct consequences for Southeast Asia. Marston said that nearly 1 million citizens of the countries in Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN, would need to be evacuated. A conflict could also bring U.S. and Chinese military forces through the South China Sea and put pressure on regional governments to navigate between the two powers.

Tensions persist in the South China Sea

But China asserts sovereignty over much of the South China Sea, despite a 2016 international arbitration ruling that invalidated Beijing鈥檚 expansive maritime claims.

In July, on the 10th anniversary of the ruling, reiterated that China鈥檚 expansive claims have no legal basis. Beijing responded by insisting it would neither accept nor recognize the arbitration decision.

Confrontations in the disputed waters have become more frequent in recent years, particularly involving Chinese, Philippine and Vietnamese forces and fishing fleets.

Chinese coast guard ships and other vessels have used powerful water cannons, military-grade lasers and dangerous blocking maneuvers against Philippine forces and fishermen from other claimant countries. Such confrontations have led to collisions at sea and high-risk encounters in the air.

China has also carried out military drills this month near Scarborough Shoal, a disputed area claimed by both China and the Philippines.

In April, the United States and the Philippines kicked off the annual . The drills included mock battle scenarios and live-fire exercises in Philippine provinces facing the disputed South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait.

The Center for Strategic and International Studies has said that because the South China Sea is one of the world鈥檚 most important maritime commercial corridors, 鈥� to the flow of trade.鈥� The sea is connected to surrounding waters through several strategic chokepoints, including the Malacca Strait, which links it to the Indian Ocean, and the Taiwan Strait, which connects it to the East China Sea.

What would be the main U.S. interests in the region? For Marston, from the Lowy Institute, said 鈥渢he primary objective is preventing China from gaining regional hegemony and dominating the Pacific.鈥�

鈥淭he security of Taiwan and its allies such as the Philippines, as well as defense of the first island chain, are integral to this overarching goal,鈥� he said.

But the U.S. military鈥檚 ability to maintain its presence in the western Pacific has been tested by demands elsewhere.

The to replace the USS Abraham Lincoln in the Middle East, where the Lincoln鈥檚 deployment was extended to support U.S. operations against Iran. The move will temporarily leave the western Pacific without a U.S. aircraft carrier at a time of rising tensions with China, and as the Trump administration retreats from the Asia-Pacific region to focus on the Western Hemisphere.

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